Rov qab osmosis membrane ntxuav cov tshuaj part 1

Rov qab osmosis membrane ntxuav kua

   

1 Kev kis kab mob thiab ntxuav cov khoom rov qab osmosis membrane

Tom qab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj, qhov rov qab osmosis membrane cov kab mob kis tau los ntawm cov khoom raug tshem tawm lossis cov ntsev insoluble uas yuav muaj nyob hauv dej pub. Feem ntau ntawm cov pa phem no yog calcium carbonate los nag, calcium sulfate nag lossis daus, thiab hlau (hlau, manganese, tooj liab, Nickel, aluminium, thiab lwm yam. oxide nag lossis daus, silicon deposits, inorganic los yog organic deposition mixs, NOM natural organic tshuaj, hluavtaws organics ( xws li scale inhibitors/dispersants, cationic polyelectrolytes), kab mob (algae, pwm, fungi), thiab lwm yam.

Qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov pa phem thiab tus nqi ntawm cov kab mob sib kis yog nyob ntawm ntau yam xws li cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo thiab cov txheej txheem rov qab. Feem ntau, kev ua qias tuaj zuj zus, thiab yog tias tsis tau tswj xyuas kom ntxov li sai tau, cov kab mob sib kis yuav ua rau lub cev tsis zoo hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Membrane Cheebtsam raug pom zoo kom muab ntxuav thaum lub cev membrane tau lees paub tias muaj kab mob, ua ntej yuav kaw lub sijhawm ntev, lossis raws li kev saib xyuas niaj hnub.

Kev ntxuav tshuaj los yog ntxuav lub cev yuav tsum tau ua thaum lub cev rov qab osmosis (lossis cov cuab yeej) muaj cov tsos mob hauv qab no:

Nyob rau hauv ib txwm dej siab siab, cov dej ntau lawm yog 10-15% qis dua tus nqi ib txwm;

Yuav kom tswj tau cov dej ib txwm muaj, qhov ntsuas kub-txhim kho cov dej siab tau nce los ntawm 10 mus rau 15%;

Cov dej zoo ntawm cov dej tsim tau raug txo los ntawm 10 mus rau 15%, thiab ntsev permeability yog nce los ntawm 10 mus rau 15%;

Cov dej siab siab tau nce los ntawm 10-15%;

Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov system nce ntau.

Kev tswj xyuas kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov feem ntau yog hais txog cov dej ntau lawm, cov dej tsim rov qab siab, tus nqi rov qab, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab TDS. Yog tias cov kev khiav hauj lwm tsis hloov pauv, nws raug nquahu kom kuaj xyuas seb puas muaj cov pa phem, lossis seb qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov rov qab osmosis puas yog qhov qub raws li qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb.

Tag nrho cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub sij hawm saib xyuas qhov system yog cov txheej txheem yooj yim kom paub meej tias seb cov membrane puas tau kis kab mob. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib kis ntawm cov khoom siv membrane yog maj mam thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov cuam tshuam yog nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov kab mob. Table 1 "Reverse Osmosis Membrane Pollution Characteristics and Treatment Methods" teev cov xwm txheej muaj kuab paug thiab cov kev kho mob sib xws.

Rau cov kab mob rov qab osmosis membrane, lub voj voog tu nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov chaw. Nws raug pom zoo tias lub voj voog tu ib txwm yog txhua 3-12 hli.

Thaum cov txheej membrane tsuas yog me ntsis paug, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ntxuav lub membrane. Cov pa phem hnyav tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov nyhuv ntxuav los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv cov kab mob.

Cov kab mob zoo li cas raug ntxuav thiab ntxuav lawv li cas yuav tsum ua raws li qhov chaw sib kis. Rau qhov teeb meem nyuaj uas muaj ntau yam kev ua qias tuaj nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txoj kev ntxuav yog hloov pauv nrog pH qis thiab siab pH ntxuav kua (siab PH tus nqi yuav tsum tau ntxuav ua ntej tom qab pH qis).

Table 1 Rov qab osmosis membrane kuab paug cov yam ntxwv thiab kev kho mob

Hom kab mob

Qhov twg nws yuav tshwm sim

Siab poob

Kev siv dej siab

Ntsev kis tus nqi

Hlau oxides (Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Zn)

Ib-theem, pem hauv ntej-kawg membrane keeb

Kev nce nrawm

Kev nce nrawm

Kev nce nrawm

Colloid (organic thiab inorganic sib tov)

Ib-theem, pem hauv ntej-kawg membrane keeb

maj mam nce

maj mam nce

Ntxiv me ntsis

Mineral nplai (Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr)

Qhov kawg theem, qhov kawg ntawm daim nyias nyias

Nruab nrab nce

Ntxiv me ntsis

Feem ntau, nce

Polymeric silicon deposit

Qhov kawg theem, qhov kawg ntawm daim nyias nyias

Feem ntau, nce

nce

Feem ntau, nce

Bio-contamination ntawm txhua qhov chaw feem ntau yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom hauv pem hauv ntej-kawg membrane.

Organic pollution (insoluble NOM) txhua ntu maj mam nce ntxiv

Scale inhibitor muaj kuab paug

Qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws

Feem ntau, nce

nce

Feem ntau, nce

Oxidative puas (Cl 2, Ozone, KmnO 4)

Ib qho loj tshaj plaws

Feem ntau, nce

qis

nce

Hydrolysis puas (tawm ntawm pH ntau)

Txhua ntu

Feem ntau qis dua

qis

nce

Abrasion puas (toner)

Ib qho loj tshaj plaws

Feem ntau qis dua

qis

nce

O-ring leakage (sab hauv kev sib txuas raj lossis adapter)

Irregular, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv dej adapter

Feem ntau qis dua

Feem ntau qis dua

nce

Cov dej ntws tawm ntawm lub apron (vim los ntawm lub siab rov qab ntawm cov dej tsim), lub sij hawm loj tshaj plaws, kev txo qis, kev txo qis, nce

Cov dej ntws tawm ntawm lub apron (tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev kaw lub qhov dej tawm thaum lub sij hawm ntxuav los yog dej ntws tawm) Nce rau hauv qhov kawg tivthaiv (ua kom muaj kuab paug thaum pib thiab nce siab sib txawv)

2 Kev txheeb xyuas qhov xwm txheej muaj kuab paug

Calcium carbonate scale:

Calcium carbonate scale yog cov ntxhia pob zeb. Thaum cov nplai inhibitor / dispersant ntxiv qhov system tsis ua haujlwm, lossis thaum cov kua qaub pH hloov kho tsis ua haujlwm thiab pH ntawm cov dej pub ntxiv, cov calcium carbonate yuav muab tso rau. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas cov calcium carbonate kom ntxov li sai tau txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau cov txheej txheem membrane los ntawm kev puas tsuaj siv lead ua tso rau saum npoo ntawm txheej zaj duab xis. Kev tshawb pom ntxov ntawm calcium carbonate tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev txo cov pH ntawm cov dej pub rau 3 ~ 5 thiab khiav rau 1-2 teev. Rau calcium carbonate scale nrog lub sij hawm ntev deposition, nws yuav raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev ntxuav nrog ib tug tsawg pH citric acid tov.

Calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, barium sulfate nplai:

Cov nplai sulfate yog cov nplai ntxhia uas nyuaj dua li calcium carbonate nplai thiab tsis yooj yim tshem tawm. Sulfate scale tuaj yeem tso tau thaum lub nplai inhibitor / dispersant ntxiv qhov tsis ua haujlwm lossis thaum sulfuric acid ntxiv los kho cov pH. Lub tuam txhab ntseeg hais tias qhov kev tshawb pom ntxov ntawm sulfate scale yog qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv lead ua puas tsuaj rau cov txheej txheem membrane tso rau saum npoo ntawm daim nyias nyias. Barium sulfate thiab barium sulfate yog ib qho nyuaj rau tshem tawm vim lawv nyuaj rau yaj nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov kev daws teeb meem, yog li yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv xws li scale tsim.

Hlau oxide / hydroxide paug:

Cov hlau oxides thiab hlau hydroxides muaj cov hlau, zinc, manganese, tooj liab, txhuas, thiab lwm yam. Qhov tsim ntawm qhov ntsuas no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev xeb ntawm cov khoom siv kav dej, lub nkoj (lub tank / tank), lossis oxidized hlau ions, chlorine, ozone, potassium, permanganate hauv huab cua, lossis los ntawm kev lim dej ua ntej. Lub kaw lus siv hlau los yog txhuas coagulant.

Polymerized silicon nplai:

Silicone gel nplai yog tshwm sim los ntawm lub xeev supersaturated ntawm soluble silicon thiab cov polymer thiab yog ib qho nyuaj heev rau tshem tawm. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov kev sib kis ntawm silicon no txawv ntawm kev sib kis ntawm silica gel lub cev. Silica gel paug tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev koom nrog cov hlau hydroxides lossis nrog cov organics. Kev tshem tawm ntawm silica nplai yog qhov nyuaj thiab siv cov tshuaj ntxuav tu ib txwm siv. Yog tias cov txheej txheem ib txwm tsis daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tshem tawm cov nplai, thov hu rau lub tuam txhab lub tuam txhab kev lag luam. Cov tshuaj ntxuav tu uas twb muaj lawm, xws li ammonium fluoride, tau siv los ua tiav hauv qee qhov haujlwm, tab sis kev ua haujlwm txaus ntshai thiab kev puas tsuaj rau cov cuab yeej yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum siv lawv.

Colloidal kuab paug:

Colloids yog cov tshuaj inorganic raug tshem tawm hauv dej los yog cov khoom ntawm cov organic thiab inorganic sib tov uas tsis ua rau nag vim lawv lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Lub colloid feem ntau muaj ib lossis ntau yam ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv qab no, xws li hlau, txhuas, silicon, sulfur, lossis organics.

Non-soluble natural organic matter pollution (NOM):

Tsis yog-soluble natural organic teeb meem (NOM?? Natural Organic Matter) feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm decomposition ntawm as-ham nyob rau hauv dej nto los yog dej tob tob. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov pa phem yog qhov nyuaj, nrog rau cov organic tseem ceeb yog humic acid lossis fulvic acid. Lub adsorption ntawm non-soluble NOM mus rau saum npoo ntawm daim nyias nyias tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib kis sai sai ntawm RO daim nyias nyias, thiab thaum qhov nqus tau tshwm sim, cov txheej txheem ntawm maj mam tsim cov gel lossis ib qho thaiv ntawm cov kab mob pib.

Microbial deposition:

Organic deposits yog tsim los ntawm cov kab mob slime, fungi, pwm, thiab lwm yam, uas yog ib qho nyuaj rau tshem tawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog hais tias tus feedwater txoj kev yog tag nrho thaiv. Kev thaiv ntawm cov dej xa dej ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov dej huv huv kom nkag mus rau hauv daim nyias nyias nyias kom txaus. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntxiv ntawm cov nyiaj tso cia, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis yog tsuas yog ntxuav thiab tswj cov kab ke RO tab sis kuj yuav tsum ntxuav cov kev kho ua ntej, kav dej, thiab cov lus qhia. Thaum siv oxidative sterilization ntawm daim nyias nyias, thov hu rau peb lub tuam txhab kev txhawb nqa kom siv cov tshuaj fungicides pom zoo.

3 Kev xaiv thiab siv cov kua dej huv

Muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam los ntawm kev xaiv cov tshuaj ntxuav kom raug thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav kom tsim nyog. Ua ntej, peb yuav tsum hu rau cov neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam ntawm lub tuam txhab los txiav txim siab cov pa phem tseem ceeb thiab xaiv cov tshuaj ntxuav kom tsim nyog. Qee lub sij hawm rau qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb los yog muaj kab mob sib kis, siv RO chemical chaw tsim tshuaj paus tus neeg saib xyuas tshuaj tshwj xeeb, los ntawm cov khoom ua tau zoo thiab cov lus qhia los ntawm tus kws muag tshuaj. Qee qhov xwm txheej, ib qho txheej txheem membrane uas tau kis tau tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov rov qab osmosis chav tsev rau kev sim thiab ntxuav cov kev ntsuam xyuas los txiav txim siab txog cov tshuaj tsim nyog thiab tu raws tu qauv.

Txhawm rau kom ua tiav cov nyhuv tu, qee cov tshuaj ntxuav cov tshuaj sib txawv yog qee zaum siv rau kev sib xyaw ua ke.

Ib txoj hauv kev yog thawj zaug ntxuav cov zaub mov hauv qhov qis pH, tshem tawm cov ntxhia nplai cov kab mob, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxuav lawv nrog pH siab kom tshem tawm cov organic teeb meem. Qee qhov kev daws teeb meem suav nrog cov tshuaj ntxuav tes los pab tshem tawm cov khib nyiab loj thiab cov organic, thaum lwm cov neeg ua haujlwm xws li EDTA chelates tuaj yeem siv los pab tshem tawm cov colloids, organics, microorganisms, thiab sulfate nplai.

Kev saib xyuas kom zoo yog muab rau qhov tseeb tias yog tias tsis tsim nyog siv cov tshuaj ntxuav tes thiab tshuaj lom neeg raug xaiv, qhov kev sib kis yuav phem dua.

4 Kev xaiv thiab siv cov txheej txheem rau cov tshuaj ntxuav tu

Cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb uas siv yuav tsum tau ua ntej kom ntseeg tau tias nws tau raug lees paub los ntawm lub tuam txhab thiab ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov txheej txheem membrane ntawm lub tuam txhab. Tus kws muag tshuaj cov lus qhia / cov lus qhia yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog kev tu tsis tu ncua thiab cov hom tshuaj tau pom zoo los ntawm lub tuam txhab hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev pabcuam no;

Yog tias koj siv cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb, xyuas kom meej tias nws tau teev nyob rau hauv lub tuam txhab cov ntawv xov xwm kev pabcuam thiab ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm peb cov khoom siv membrane (nrog rau lub tuam txhab);

Txoj kev ntxuav yog ua tiav los ntawm ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke, suav nrog kev tu tsis tu ncua xws li pH, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab lub sijhawm sib cuag, uas yuav pab txhim kho cov nyhuv tu;

Kev ntxuav ntawm qhov tsim nyog kub kom ua tiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws tu efficiency thiab ncua lub neej ntawm daim nyias nyias;

Kev ntxuav nrog tsawg kawg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub sijhawm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub neej ntev ntawm daim nyias nyias;

Ua tib zoo kho cov pH ntau yam los ntawm qis mus rau siab kom ntev lub neej ntawm daim nyias nyias. Qhov pH ntau yog 2 ~ 12 (tsis pub tshaj);

Ib txoj kev tu zoo thiab zoo tshaj plaws yog ntxuav los ntawm pH qis mus rau pH siab. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ntxuav cov roj uas tsis muaj kab mob tsis tuaj yeem pib los ntawm pH qis vim tias cov roj yuav ua kom muaj zog ntawm pH tsawg;

Cov lus qhia ntawm kev ntxuav thiab yaug dej yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau tib qho kev taw qhia;

Thaum ntxuav cov khoom siv ntau theem rov qab osmosis, txoj kev tu kom zoo tshaj plaws tau muab faib ua ntu, kom tus nqi tu tus nqi thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntxuav tuaj yeem tswj tau kom tsis txhob muaj kuab paug nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej theem ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv cov dej hauv qab daim nyias nyias. ;

Flushing lub xab npum nrog cov khoom siv pH siab dua kom txo cov npuas tsim;

Yog tias lub kaw lus tau muaj kab mob lom, xav txog kev ntxiv cov tshuaj biocide ntxuav cov kauj ruam tom qab ntxuav. Cov fungicide yuav tsum tau noj tam sim ntawd tom qab ntxuav, los yog nws tuaj yeem ntxiv tsis tu ncua (xws li ib zaug ib lub lim tiam) rau ib koob tshuaj thaum lub sij hawm khiav. Nws yuav tsum raug lees paub tias cov tshuaj fungicide siv tau sib haum nrog cov txheej txheem membrane, tsis ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, thiab tuaj yeem tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm lom neeg ntawm tus nqi qis;

Txhawm rau kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, thaum tshem cov tshuaj, nco ntsoov maj mam ntxiv cov tshuaj rau cov dej txaus thiab do tib lub sijhawm;

Rau cov laj thawj kev nyab xeeb, cov kua qaub tsis tuaj yeem tov nrog cov khoom siv caustic (corrosive). Ua tib zoo yaug cov tshuaj ntxuav cov tshuaj ntxiv los ntawm RO system ua ntej siv cov tshuaj tom ntej.

5 kev xaiv tshuaj ntxuav tu

Table 2 - Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Ua Kom Huv Huv Cov Txheej Txheem Kev ntxuav tu yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm qee qhov hnyav (lossis ntim) ntawm cov tshuaj rau 100 nkas loos (379 liters) dej huv (RO khoom dej lossis dej tsis muaj chlorine). Cov tshuaj yog npaj nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj siv thiab tus nqi ntawm cov dej siv. Cov kuab tshuaj yog RO khoom dej los yog dej deionized, tsis muaj chlorine thiab hardness. Ua ntej cov tshuaj ntxuav nkag mus rau hauv daim nyias nyias, nws yuav tsum sib tov kom huv si, thiab kho cov pH raws li lub hom phiaj tus nqi, thiab stabilize qhov kub raws li lub hom phiaj kub. Cov txheej txheem ntxuav cov pa yog teem raws li kev ntxuav ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav tes rau ib teev thiab xaiv cov tshuaj ntxuav tes rau ib teev.

Table 2 Cov qauv tshuaj ntxuav cov pa (raws li 100 nkas loos, lossis 379 litres)

Ntxuav kua

Cov khoom tseem ceeb

Tsev muag tshuaj

Cov tshuaj ntxuav tu pH

Qhov kub siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov dej ntxuav

1

Citric acid (100% hmoov)

17. 0 lbs (7.7 kg)

Kho cov pH rau 3.0~4.0 nrog dej ammonia

40 degree C

2

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (density 22 Baume lossis concentration 36%)

0.47 nkas loos (1.8 litres)

Maj mam ntxiv hydrochloric acid los kho cov pH rau 2.5, nce pH nrog sodium hydroxide.

35 degree

3

Sodium hydroxide (100% hmoov) los yog (50% kua)

{{0}}.83 lbs (0.38 kg) 0.13 nkas loos (0.5 litres)

Maj mam ntxiv sodium hydroxide los kho pH rau 11.5, thiab txo cov pH nrog hydrochloric acid.

30 degree C

6 Taw qhia txog cov tshuaj ntxuav cov pa

[Kev daws teeb meem 1]

2.0% (W) qis pH ntxuav cov kua qaub (C6H8O7). Nws yog qhov zoo heev rau kev tshem tawm cov ntsev tsis muaj zog (xws li calcium carbonate scale, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, barium sulfate, thiab lwm yam), hlau oxides / hydroxides (hlau, manganese, tooj liab, npib tsib xee, txhuas, thiab lwm yam), thiab inorganic. colloids.

[Kev daws teeb meem 2]

0.5% (W) hydrochloric acid uas tsis muaj pH ntxuav, feem ntau yog siv los tshem tawm cov nplais tsis muaj zog (xws li calcium carbonate scale, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, barium sulfate, thiab lwm yam), hlau oxides / hydroxides (hlau. , manganese, tooj liab, Nickel, aluminium, thiab lwm yam, thiab inorganic colloids, cov tshuaj ntxuav no muaj zog dua li cov tshuaj 1 vim hydrochloric acid (HCl) yog cov kua qaub uas muaj zog.

[Kev daws teeb meem 3]

0.1% (W) sodium hydroxide siab pH tshuaj ntxuav. Siv los tshem tawm polymeric silicon nplai. Cov tshuaj pleev no yog ib qho muaj zog alkaline ntxuav cov tshuaj.